IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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1.25 


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1^   |i£    12.0 


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Hiotographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WIST  MAIN  STRIET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14S80 

(716)872-4503 


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■  *'-r-.--«?i'^«-(«'?5WBiw«iiiHJ  J  jdii  MWlli^Wri 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICIVIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


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Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  m^thode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqu6s  ci-dessous. 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommagde 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur6e  et/ou  pellicui^e 


r~~|    Coloured  maps/ 


Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


D 


Cartes  gdographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


□    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  iliustrstions  en  couleur 


^ 

jS 


D 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
Relid  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serr6e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  int6rieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  thesd 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajouttes 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  filmAes. 


^ 


Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suopl^mentaires: 


^5 


\  / 


jW-V 


□   Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 


D 
D 
D 
D 
D 


D 


Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagtos 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaur^es  et/ou  pellicul6es 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  d6color6es,  tachet^es  ou  piquies 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d6tach6es 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 


j     I    Quality  of  print  varies/ 


Quality  in6gale  de  I'impression 

includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  suppiimentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Mition  disponibie 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partlellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  kxh  filmdes  d  nouveau  de  fa9on  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


»-^g^^^;ir,%CJ^ 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

w^^m 

Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  reduction  indiquA  ci-dessous. 

^^M 

10X 

1 1 

1 1 

1— 

14X 



18X 

22X 

w\ 

1 

26X 

1 1 

1 1 

30X 

m 

12X 

■   - 

16X 

20X 

24X 

4 

28X 

^^H 

wm 

% 

32X 

f 

re 

I«tail8 
)8  du 
nodifier 
}r  une 
iimage 


es 


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The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library  of  Congress 
Photoduplication  Service 

The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  —^-(meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


L'exemplaire  film*  fut  reproduit  grAce  d  la 
gtnArositA  de: 

Library  of  Congress 
Photoduplication  Service 

Les  images  suivantes  ont  6tA  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettotA  de  raxemplaire  fiimA,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimAe  sont  filmis  en  commen^ant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinle 
^'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmte  en  commen9ant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  derniAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaftra  sur  la 
dernlAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — ►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbole  y  signifie  "FIN  ". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
filmte  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diff Arents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichA,  il  est  filmA  A  partir 
de  Tangle  supArleur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
at  da  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nAcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mAthode. 


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to 


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on  A 


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JUIDE  TO  TRATELERS 

VISITING  THE 

FAIAS  or  mAOARA. 

BY  A  BESIDENT  AT  THE  FAI<I<S% 


J^M'^; 


-     iyiiiiM|p»^||pp?"«^yt»P'iiii,-j"->,jMii|jii 


HIDE  TO  THE  NIAGARA  PALLS. 


NIAGARA  RIVER. 

ijiuRA  RivEU  flows  from  lake  Eric  to  Lake  Ontario,  a  di<s- 
fof  thirty-five  miles,  and  receives  the  waters  of  all  the  np- 
|ke?,  as  Erie,  St.  Clair,  Huron,  Michigan,  Nepissing,  Sn- 
I,  Winnipeg,  Luke  of  the  Woods,  &c. 
r river  as  it  flows  from  Lake  Erie  is  about  three-fourths  of 
f  wide,  and  from  thirty  to  fifty  feet  deep  ;  it  soon  expands 
l«i(ltli  of  six  or  seven  miles,  and  embraces,  before  it  reach- 
I  Falls,  several  large  islands.  Of  these  the  largest  are 
(land  Navy  Ishnds.  The  former  commences  five  miles 
Gie  lake,  is  twelve  miles  in  length  and  from  two  to  six  in 
^and  terminates  two  miles  above  the  Falls,  containing 
(acres.  The  land  on  this  island  is  well  timbered,  ricii  and 
,..  As  the  deepest  channel  of  the  river,  forming  the 
_,y  line,  runs  on  the  west  side,  this  Island  until  recently 
Honged  to  the  state  of  New- York,  and  has  been  inhabited 
laiiy  by  squatters  and  smugglers ;  but  in  1833,  a  compa- 
Ji  Boston  purchased  nearly  the  whole  of  the  Island,  and 
If,  1834,  erecting  upon  it,  near  the  site  of  the  famous  Jew- 
h,  Ararat,  projected  in  1825  by  Maj.  Noah  of  New- York, 
1  flouring  mill,  and  a  saw  mill  with  thirteen  sets  of  MW8. 
ne  of  their  village  is  «'White*Haven."  It  is  understood 
.v/iotcnd  to  employ  immediately  some  hundreds  of  men, 
ims  in  proportion,  for  the  purpose  of  preparing  and  sendipg 
leastem  cities  a  large  quantity  of  ship-timber ;  but  their  ul- 
lobject  is,  as  the  land  becomes  cleared,  to'have  it  settled  by 
lotial  and  industrious  farmers,  and  to  build  up  a  large  and 
Ihiog  town. 

luly  1759,  during  the  old  French  war,  two  large  French 
s,  in  danger  of  being  taken  by  the  British,  were  burnt  and 
lear  the  lower  end  of  this  island.  Some  parts  of  them  are 
iible ;  and  not  many  years  since  a  party  of  men,  by  raking 
fer  at  that  place,  secured  a  number  of  tons  of  Iron. 
iw  the  .termination  of  Grand  and  Navy  islands,  the  river  is 
issed  to  the  width  of  two  and  a  half  miles,  and  the  bed  of 
'er  soon  commences  a  rapid  descent  to  the  Falls,  making 


:> 


■;-     t 


-fi^irtniBi 


riiMMMai 


in  about  three-fourths  of  a  mile  a  descent  of  ahout  fifty-Uo  fc  J 
and  Ibrming  by  the  beautiful  rapidn  ii  very  important  part  of  ij 
grand  and  unparalleled  curiotiiiies  of  this  river. 

TIIK  RAPIU8. 

Throe  miles  above  the  Fulb  you  see  the  white  crested  mM 
(lushing,  foaming,  and  tossing  sometimes  20  and  somctinui  J 
feet  from  the  main  current ;  and  iit  the  sumo  time  hear  a  k, 
monotonous,  tremendous  roar;  and  as  you  approach  niarcr  I'w 
a  tremulous  motion  of  the  earth.  The  distiince  at  whiih  tk; 
roar  can  be  heard,  varies  with  the  state  of  the  atmosphere,  froj 
three  to  twenty  miles;  and  the  mist,  arising  like  curlinj{ siJ 
and  separating  as  it  rises  into  masses  of  fantastic  clouds,  is  s(^ 
at  the  distance  of  many  miles  around. 

GOAT,  OR  IRIS  ISLAND. 

Goat  Island  is  so  called  from  the  circumstance,  that  ikj 
the  year  1770  Mi.  Steadman,  rcsidin;,'-  near  the  Falls,  conim; 
by  some  menus,  to  land  a  Ibw  goatn  ujion  this  island  ;  but  i 
more  appropriate  and  adapted  name  is  Iris  island.  It  comni 
CCS  near  the  head  of  the  rai)i(ls  almost  in  the  middle  of  th"ntd 
and  runs  to  the  precipice  ;  and  contains  about  soventy-fivc  act 
of  rich  and  heavy  timbered  land. 

Situated  in  the  nudst  of  the  rapids  and  surrounded  by  tliciuj 
three  sides,  this  island  is  one  of  tlie  most  briiutiful,fascinntiiio 
romantic  places  in  the  world.  Fanned  by  gentle  breezes, fi 
ftom  iiaaects,  encircled  by  a  neat  gravel  walk,  and  prescntinjtj 
tho  visiter  a  great  variety  of  views  of  the  Falls  and  rapid8,y 
feels  a  reluctance  on  leaving  it,  and  is  wont  to  exclaim  withEi] 
in  the  language  of  Milton, 

"Must  I  tliua  leave  llioc,  Paradise  ? 

tlieau  liappy  vsalks  and  aliades, 

Fit  haunt  of  Gods?"  fcc. 

About  two  thirds  of  this  island  are  still  covered  w  ith  tall  \n 
many  of  which  are  clothed  with  a  magnificent  drapery  of  ivvj 
other  creeping  plants,  and  many  have  been  killed  by  reasm^ 
the  countless  names  that  have  been  cut  into  their  bark.  W 
earliest  date  of  any  name  yet  found  is  in  the  year  1769 ;  bull 
the  rocks  near  the  Falls  on  the  American  side,  there  are  nai 
chiseled  out  and  dated  1711,  1726,  1745,  &c.  A  number  olhi 
man  skeletons  have  been  dug  up  within  a  few  years  on  Goatl 
land,  supposed  to  be  the  remains  of  Indians  buried  in  a  Ion 


Ss^'tte;-*^^ 


t  of  al)out  fifty-tMo  fcej 
3ry  important  part  of  J 
I  river. 

he  whito  crested  rii(,i(ij 
s  20  and  soinctinuj 
sumo  time  hcur  a  lo. 
oil  approach  iK';ircr,|l 
(listiuicc  at  which  t| 
if  tho  atmosphere,  ftoj 
ising  like  curling  sm 
funtustic  clouds,  is  n 


:.AND. 

'ircumslnnco,  that  liicJ 
oar  the  Fails,  contiiTsi 
)oii   this  ishuul ;  but  j 
rid  ishintl.     It  cornm 
» tile  middle  of  ths 
tibout  soveiity-fivc  act 

I  surrounded  by  tiieiDg 
briiulifui,  fascinating  t 
by  gentle  breezes,  ji 
walk,  and  presontingij 
he  Falls  and  riipids,! 
oat  to  exclaim  \\i\\il4 


Ics, 

covered  with  talltn 
iccnt  drapery  of  ivyj 
been  killed  by  reason^ 
it  into  their  bark. 
1  the  year  1769; 
m  side,  there  are  nai 
,  &c.     A  number  ol'k 
a  few  years  on  Goatl 
lians  buried  in  a  fun 


re,  and  there  are  doubtless  many  more  still  resting  there  in  un- 
Sjiurbed  repose.     On  this  ishmd  is  found  n  prent  variety  of  wild 
mis,  shrubs  and  flowers  ;  more  than  one  hundred  different  spo- 
jisome  (it  them  very  rare,  have  alrendv  been  discovered.     Of 
tTnlhtm  (wrandijlora,  sixteen  varieties  are  four  d  here 
llVhen  the  present  proprietor  shall  have  completed  the  spaciou. 
Infen  which  he  has  laid  out,  in  which  ho  designs  to  cultivate  all 
ifniitH  that  will  grow  m  this  climate,  and  shall  have  finished 
kniany  other  improvements  which  he  has  projected,  no  other 
keiKThaps  m  the  xvorld,  will  present  attractions  equal  to  those 
c^t  Wand.     The  approach  to  it  is  from  tho  American  dide 
«n»  of  a  bridge  of  most  difficult  and  hazardous  construc- 
i,whicli  extends  from  the  shore  28  rods  to  Bath  Island,  and 
m  16  rods  further  to  Goat  Island.     Visitors  pay  twenty-five 
J  lor  tho  use  of  the  bridge  during   their  visit,  or  for  the  sea- 
There  are  many  other  beautiful  islands  situated  among  tho 
jof  this  river,  a  number  of  which,  as  Bath,  Moss,  Luna,  &c. 
IcoDnected  with  Goat  Island  by  bridges,  and  afford  the  most 
»i  picturesque  and  impressive  views  of  the  surrounding 
V     ''""«  Isl'^'"!  stanrls  directly  on  the  precipice  about  ten 
i  from  Goat  Island,  and  divides  tho  stream,  forming  a  caa- 
of  unrivalled  beauty  and  splendor.     There  are  ten  other 
iin  the  rapids  besides  those  above  mentioned. 
tie  water,  on  the  Aineri.-a»  side,  falls  164  feet,  and  oil  tlie 
«^as,do  16S  feet.     The  full  on  tho  Canada  side    embracing 
itho  largos  channel  of  tho  river,  is  called,  from  the  shape  of 
fcrecipice,  "1  ho  Horse  Shoo  Fall ;»  and  near  to  this  a  bridge 
Iken  construcjlpd   Iroui   Gout   Inland,   called    the  Terapin 
le;  an  J  near  the  terminal  ioa  of  this  bridge,  in  tho  water  and 
Imrybrmkof  the  precipice,  a  stone  tower  forty-five  feet 
Ik^beon  erected,  from  which,  or  from  the  end  of  ihe  bridire, 
IJc  o(  tho  FaHs  upon  the  beholder  is  mo.t  awfully  sublime 
h^y  .nde.scnbable.     The  rain-bows .  and  lunar-bows,  and 
Jd  the  whole  scenery  of  tho  Falls,  appear  to  better  advaa- 
Ifroni  this  point  than  from  any  other. 

Ithe  lower  end  of  Goat  Island,  about  half  way  across  it,  the 

llZ  f "pi  Ta^^V"  ^®^®  ""^  ">«  ^''P*"^^  «f  Nicholas 
le.  Uq.  of  i  hiladelphia,  gives  visiters  an  opportunit  of  de- 
Inig below  the  tails  between  Ihe  two  main  sheets  ol  .v-.t^r, 
•1  advancing  for  a  consideruble  distance  under  the  FalJt  on 


.  * 


*,      f 


^ 


Mtedi 


,  I 


W 


'f 


THE  FERRY. 

There  id  another  citair-cnMo  lending  from  the  bunk  immciJi 
beluw  the  FalU,  where  viHiterii  will  iind  u  safe  ferry  tu  the  i 
dii  side,  and  an  uppurtiuiity  to  view  thoae  mighty  watera 
roll  und  tumble  iVuni  the  precipice  ubuve.     A  ciirriager 
about  tu  bo  constructed  down  thette  perpendicular  banl(!>,8o^ 
allow  teams  and  curriagoa  tocroHH  here  ;  and.  when  thHing 
plctcd,  it  must  become  an  important  thoroiighfuro. 

CANADA  VinWS. 

Directly  opposite  the  FhIIa  on  the  Canada  aide,  an  oiiln 
company  have  projected  and  laid  out  ^Wiat  they  call  "Thi , 
the  Falls,"  and  are  now  making  very  considerable  improvti 
There  arc  on  that  side  two  spacious  hotola,  many  objecUgfl 
riosity,  and  many  delightful  views  of  the  Falls.  Ijivcn 
west  is  the  Welland  Canal,  connecting  the  waters  of  ],ake] 
and  Luke  Ontario ;  six  miles  north  upon  Queenstoo  hei^ 
General  Brock's  monument,  126  feet  nigh,  and  admitting 
cent  to  the  top  by  a  flight  of  170  winding  steps  ;  one  mile 
from  the  Fulls  is  a  burning  spring,  and  at  the  Falls  near 
Aock  is  a  museum  and  a  stair-case.  The  Museum 
Barnett,  contains  among  other  things,  118  different  i\ 
birds,  47  different  species  of  beasts  and  reptiles,  24 
kinds  of  fishes,  300  different  kinds  of  insects,  &c.  &c 
which  arc  said  to  have  been  caught  in  the  vicinity  of  thcFil 

SUMMER  ANI>  WINTER  SCENERY. 

The  surrounding  scenery  on  both  sides  of  the  river  is 
keeping  with  the  magnificence  ofthe  Falls.*  By  most  vii 
is  seen  only  in  summer.     But  in  wintci  it  is  inimitably' od 
scribably  beautiful.     The  trees  and  shrubbery  on  Goutandil 
Islands  and  on  the  banks  ofthe  river  near  the  Falls,  nroci 
with  transparent  alect,  presenting  an  appearance  of  mil 
glittering  chandeliers  of  all  sizes  and  description,  und  givii 
tt  most  vivid  idea  of  fairy  land.     The  scene  presents  a  s{ 
counterpart  to  Goldsmith's  description  of  the  subtc^riuncaDl 
tos  of  Paros  and  Antiparos.     The  mist  from  the  Fullsfi 
upon  the  trees  so  gradually  and  to  such  thickness,  that  it 
bears  a  most  exact  resemblance  to  alabaster ;  and  this,  ^el 
the  dazzling  colors  of  the  rainbows  that  span  the  river  Iroull 
ty  different  points,  seems,  by  natural  association,  to  raisell 
gination  to  that  world,  where  the  streets  are  of  pure  goM,| 
gates  of  pearl,  and  night  is  unknown. 


hlli 


icninleri 
a  jour 

IDC  HIiCI 

ihcir  (lepi 
li  iinmo  n 
ard  «om 
illy  hupp 
ihiit,  aa  I 

f,llie)'urc 

Ives  goi 

ly  dive  ii 

or  up 

it;sh,t< 

in  the  I 

I,  Iliuvks 

bythi 

inline] 

ihc  baiil< 

I,  80  th 

T. 

;  number 

llilieca  til 

Dui 

[8,  they  ai 

I  businc! 

I  fr< 

ilicr  plac« 

lor  two,  g 

I  scene. 

Rl 

!«idtliol 

sofaini!( 
Inarrov.'  c 
|i.<ubout  4 
l,  and  nl\ci 

:  and,  whi 
Istant  desc 

tfiorn  th( 
Iment  iicai 
Intl;.-  pour 
inutc. 


lY. 

from  the  butik  immdi 
id  u  snfo  forry  tu  the  i 
loae  mighty  watera 
ibuve.     A  curriager 
•rpendicular  banks,  lo^ 
re  ;  and,  wheiithHj,, 
loroughfuro. 

.'anndu  aide,  an  oiilri 
\Wiat  they  call  "The 
considerable  improvti 
liotolH,  ninny  objecuiifl 
>f  the  Fulls,     ijcvcn 
ng  the  waters  of  I^ike] 
upon  QucenstoQ  hei^ 

nigh,  and  adniilting 
ling  stops  ;  one  mile 
iiid  at  the  Fulls  near 
The  Museum 
;8,  118  dift'erent  s\ 

and  reptiles,  24 
f  insects,  &c.  &c 
1  the  vicinity  of  thcFJ 

SR  RCKNERY. 

ides  of  the  river  is  ml 
Falls.*  By  moat  viai 
CI  it  is  inimitably' aodij 
lirubbery  on  Goutandil 
near  the  Falls,  nrocoi 
appearance  of  millioi 
doscription,  and  giviiu 
3  scene  presents  a  spi 
ti  of  the  subtc^riuncaDl 
mist  from  the  Falls  M 
iich  thickness,  that  ilj 
ibaster ;  and  this,  scli 
at  span  the  river  froull 
issociation,  to  rajsetiii 
ccts  are  of  pure  goH| 


ic« inter  scenery  al/ont  the  FuIIk  is  peculiar,  a  sight  of  which 
[ha  journey  of  one  thousand  inik'.-i.     Myriads  of  wild  ducks 

MCHiiPiid   tile  day  in  and  above  tlio  rapids,  and  regularly 
ihcir  (lepnrtiiro  for  LiiUn  Ontario  every  niinht  before  dark  ; 

iinmo  are  otYen  found  in  the  morning  with  a  broken  log  or 
urdgoinetimes  dead,  in  the  river  below  the  Falls.  This, 
jlv  happens  after  a  very  dark  (tr  foggy  night ;  and  it  is  sup- 
ihnt,n«they  always  have  their  heads  up  stream  while  in  the 
f,lliey  uro  carried  down  insensibly  by  the  rajiids  till  they  find 
Ire!)  going  over  the  precipice,  and  then,  in  attempting  to 
lydive  into  the  sheet  of  water,  and  a  buried  for  a  time  under 
(alls  or  upon  the  rocks. 
idtish,  too,  of  almost  all  sizes  and  descriptions,  are  found 

in  the  river,  below  the  Fails,  forming  a  repast  for  Gulls, 
^Iliiwks.and  Eagles.     Drring  a  part  of  the  winter,  the  ice 

by  the  wind  from  Lake  Erie  and  poured  over  the  Fulls 
h  immense  quantities,  as  to  fill  and  block  up  the  river  bo* 
he  banks  for  a  mile  or  more  to  the  depth  of  from  thirty  to 
1, 80  that  people  cross  the  ice  to  Canada  on  foot  for  weeks 

IVVMBER  OF  VISITORS.  * 

enumhcr  of  visitors  at  the  Falls  has  generally  been  from 
klillevu  thousand  annually,  und  tho  number  is  every  year  in- 
W.  During  the  winter  months,  though  there  are  many 
kthcy  are  generally  such,  as  are  passing  through  the  re- 

a  business,  and  stay  only  a  short  time.  Frequently,  how- 
Iparties  from  Bullalo,  I^ockport,  Rochester,  Canandaiguo, 
Ither  places,  visit  tho  Falls  by  sleighing,  and  after  spending 
jortivo,  go  away  enraptured,  and  sometimes  overwhelmed 
I  scene. 

RIVER  BEIiOV/  THE  FAIiliS. 

Miidlli  of  (he  river  at  tho  Falls  is  a  littlo   more  than  three- 
sola  mile,  but  below  the  Falls  it  is  immediately  compressed 
Inamnv  ch;innLi  of  less  th;in  one-fourth  of  a  mile,  and  its 
lis  about  2r)0  feet.     This  channel  is  between  perpendicular 
|,an(lntk'r  two  miles,  it  runs  with  amazing  velocity  to  Lew- 
:  and,  what  is  .somewhat  remarkable,  while  the  river  makes 
ktant  descent,  the  banks  have  a  gradual  ascent  for  six  miles,    ' 
tfiorn  tho  top  of  the  banklo  the  water,  opposite  Brock's 
Imeat  near  Lewiston,  is  334  feet.     The  quantity  of  water 
Intl;-  pouring  over  the  Falls  is  computed  at  670,250  tons 
|nutc. 

1* 


I 


""^aOgsOtmSmm 


:.II'IM1.. 


■pp^r 


i 


ife    i 


From  Lcwwionto  liuko  Oiilnrio  7  milrc,  ihc  river  u 
eiiiooth,  nnd  iiavignldo  for  vchhpIh  ofivcry  ilescription;  miji 
i.^loii  being  the  head  of  imvign(ioi),  im  iho  j»riiKipiil  lui'iilii,|| , 
(or  tho  Aniericnr»  StconibouU  thnl  run  on  Luke  Ontario.  \ 
mouth  of  tho  river  on  the  American  »ide  stand*  the  villa, 
YouiigHtown  nnd  Fort  Niugnrn ;  nnd  on  the  Canada  mijf 
village  of  Newark  or  Ningnrn,  nnd  Fort  George. 

CVllIOallTIES. 

One  mile  nbovo  the  Falls  on  tho  American  side,  jg  iht 
tlic  old  Fort  SchlosHor,  n  place  very  conHiderably  distio 
in  the  early  history  of  this  region,  and  commanding  a  roon 
tiful  prospect  of  the  river  and  rapids,  of  (Irnnd  and  Navy! 
and  of  the  village  of  Chippewa  on  tho  opposite  bank,    licfc, 
construction  of  tho  Erie  Canal,  nil  tho  buiiineitit  between  Ihel 
was  interchanged  by  means  of  a  lund  carriage  from  thispb 
Lcwiston. 

Half  n  mile  below  the  Falls  under  tho  bank  is  Catlin'sC 
visit  to  which  no  traveler  will  be  likely  to  rogret.     Two  il 
loir  is  a  Medical  Spring  very  strongly  impregnated  with  lui 
and  by  tho  use  of  Us  waters  many  iinportunt'cures  huvcl 
fectod. 

One  mile  further  down  loads  to  a  tremendous  whirlpool, 
bling  very  much  in  its  appearance  and  operations,  the  cel( 
Maelstrom  on  the  coast  of  Norway.  Logs  and  trees  arc 
times  whirled  around  in  rapid  succession  for  days  together 
outer  circles,  while  in  tho  centre  they  are  drawn  down  pei 
larly  with  great  force,  are  soon  shot  out  again  at  a  dii 
many  rods,  and  occnsionally  thrust  into  the  channel  to  p 
the  river.  The  channel  ns  it  proceeds  out  of  the  whirlpool 
nearly  a  right  angle,  is  narrower  than  at  any  other  place  in 
vcr,  not  more  than'thirty  rods  in  width,  and  the  current  ruai 
such  amazing  velocity  as  to  rise  up  in  tho  middle  t"n  feet 
the  sides.     This  has  been  ascertained  by  actual  measure: 

About  the  year  1812,  an  incident  occurred  here  perhaps 
recording.     A  party  of  men  wore  employed  in  cuttingcedat 
near  tho  river  above  tho  whiHpool.     Ono  of  them,  steppiogi 
some   raffed  logs  that  were  in  the  water,  was  imporccplif 
perhaps  through  carelessnessrdrawn  by  the  current  intotbei 
pool.     He  clung  to  a  log  and  was  carried  round  and  n 
hours,  expecting  every  moment  to  be  crushed  among  thek 
thrust  into  tho  vortex,  while  his  companions  on  shore  could 


USd". 


I  others. 


iindj 


^         ^ 


7  milrn,  the  river  i;  ^ 

•very  description;  niid  I 
I  tho  iirincipiil  luiidin,, 
I  on  Lake  Ontario,   .(l 
Hide  standi  the  viig 
d  on  the  Cttnada 
urt  George. 

lES. 

Imcricnn  side,  igihd 
conwiderably  distioi 
commanding  a  I 
)f  (Irnnd  and  NavyR 
opposite  batiit.  l^tft 
busincHs  between  Ihe  I 
1  curriiigc  from  this  p 

tho  bank  ih  Catlin'a 
f  to  rogrct.  Two  i 
Y  impregnated  with  • 
purtunt'curcd  hovel 

^mendons  whirlpool, 
J  operations,  the  cel( 

Logs  and  trees  are 
ion  for  day  a  together 
ire  drawn  down  pei 

out  again  at  adisi 
to  the  channel  to 
9  out  of  the  whirlpool 
at  any  other  place  in 
h,  and  the  current  rum 
in  tho  middle  t-^n  feet 
i  by  actual  measure: 
ccurrod  here  perhaps 
)loyedin  cutting  cedar 
Dno  of  them,  steppiogl 
■ater,  was  iniporccpl 
l)y  the  current  into  tbeii 
carried  round  and  n 

crushed  among 
Anions  on  shore  could 


ind 


rehcf.    At  lcn(.la  some  of  them  ascciulii.g  the  b.mk,  «T,,t 

,ton  four  ini IcH,  and    pro.  ur.-d  u  boat  to  be  drawn  up  by 

Thw  wmi  let  down  tho  bunk,  and  nmny  p«.p!e  >Jvm- 

ropei,  polea,  &c.  to  render  nssiHtnnce.     AHer  thi.>  bout 

well  lecurcd,  and  aome  men  had  -ttppcd  in  intendinir  to 

intotto  whir  pool,  the  man  upon  the  log,  still  whirling  in 

.peni  ofhw  life,  was,  by  some  action  of  tho  water,  sent 

lytotheihore,  and  finally  «nved  without  icceiviim  unv 

others.  ■*      ' 

^Wowthe  whirlpool  i.  n  place,  on  the  American  side, 

^  Devil'8  Hole,"  embracing  about  two  acres,  cut  out 

perpendicu  arly  m  the  rock  by  the  side  of  tho  river, 

160  deep.     How  this  hole  was  thus  mado  it  is  difficult 

ire.    \isitor8  look   into  it  with  silent,  inexpressible 

wt. 

ice  is  distinguished  by  an  incident  that  occurred  about 
i:69.    A  company  of  British  soldiers,  pursued  by  the 
H  Indians,  were  driven  olf  the  rock  near  this  hole  at  tho 
V  bayonet.     AH,  save  one,  instnnllv  perished  upon  tho 

feel  beneath.     This  one  fell  into  the  crotch  of  a  tree. 

tned  in  making  his  escape. 

ly  the  name  of  Ste.idman,  who  lived  at  Fort  Schloss-.r. 

thw  company  of  Briti.sh,  but  made  his  escape  on  horse- 
before  coming  to  the  bank,  though  many  balls  whizzed 
'in his  flight.  The  Indians  allerwards  imagined  him  to 
Irable  and  invincible,  became  very  friendly,  and  finally, 
ration  of  some  services  he  rendered  them,  they  cave 
« land  mchided  between  Niagara  River  and  a  stroight 

from  Gill  Creek  above  Fort  Schlosscr  to  the  Devil's 

cing  about  5000  acres.     Tho  heirs  of  Steadman  so 
year  1823,  instituted  and  carried  on  a  long  and  exnen- 
)it  with  tho  Stale  of  N.iw-Yoik  to  recover  this 'land 
suit  resulted  in  fuvor  of  tho  State  and  the  present  occu- 

[immediate  vicinity  of  the  Falls  many  curnmstnnces  have 
»to  impart  an  additional  interest.  Uurin<r  the  last  war 
NBntain,  the  battles  of  Chippewa,  of  Bridgewater  or 
I  Lane,  of  Qucenston  on  the  Canada  side ;  and  the 
ft  villiiges  and  i)lunder  of  property  on  the  American  side, 
remembered,  and  the  circumstances  detailed  with  thrillinff 
P)y  many  of  the  inhabitants.  * 

|7a  bridge  was  constructed  from  tho  shore  to  the  head  of 
m,  but  was  swept  away  by  the  ice  the  ensuing  spring. 


I 


huit 


Y 


(HWw     II       I.      ....■ 


r : 


■•V 


,*■• 


M 


?► 


Mi 


I 


>% 
ri 


^•^--  j 


The  present  bridge  was  constructed  in  1S18,  and  h  fi 
rods  in  length  exclusive  of  Bath  Island.     This  bridge,^«(j^f 
crossing  the  rnpids  only  sixty  rods  above  the  Falls,  is  ^^ 
f^afc  for  all  kinds  of  teams  and  carriages,  and  seeuia  d 
stand  a  great  length  of  time. 

Till  the  year  1817  there  was  no  way  of  descending, 
ing  the  bank  below  the  Falls  except  by  means  of  a  ladi 
100  feet  in  length;  since  then  a  safe  and  ctinveaieiit 
■stairs  has  been  erected,  as  also  were  the  bridges,  by  j 
Porter,  Esq.  the  proprietor  of  the  Islands  and  land  adj 

Men  have  occasionally  been  drawn  nto  the  rapids 
boats,  and  carried  over  the  Falls ;  but  not  a  vestige  ol 
their  boats  has  scarcely  ever  been  found. 

In  1825,  three  men  on  the  sabbath,  in  attempting  It 
some  barrels  of  whiskey  across  to  Chippewa,  were  drrt 
rapids  and  hurried  down  the  cataract. 

In  September,  1827,  notice  having  been  given  inlli^HTheyc 
that  the  Michigan,  a  large  vessel  t^at  had  run-on" 
would  be  sent  over  the  Fallei,  thirty  thousand  people 
estimated,  assembled  to  witness  the  spectacle.     On  b 
vessel  were  put  two  bears,  a  buflUlo,  two  raccoons,  a 
goose ;  the  bears  made  their  escape  in  the  midst  of  ll 
and  finally  reached  the  shore  in  safety.     The  others 
and  perished.     The  Michigan  before  she  reached  thefj 
ing  been  considerably  broken  in  the  rapids,  sunk  to 
the  surface,  and  went  over  near  the  centre  of  thehors 
The  distance  from  deck  to  keel  was  sixteen  feet,  and i 
not  appear  to  touch  the  bottom  for  eighty  rods  before 
over,  the  conclusion  is,  that  the  water  as  it  passes  over 
pice  there,  must  be  at  least  twenty  feet  deep. 

In  October,  1829,  another  vessel  was  advertised  to 
over,  which  drew  together  about  fifteen  thousand  penpli 
vessel  lodged  in  the  rnpids  and  remained  a  number  of* 
finally  passed  over  the  Falls  in  the  night. 

In  August,  1828,  a  small  sloop  being  near  Chippewa, 
doncd  by  the  men  tiirough  fright,  and  was  blown,  with  all  I 
up,  so  far  across  the  river  as  to  come  down  on  the  Amerij 
of  Goat  Island  ;  but  was  broken  to  a  perfect  wreck  in 
so  as  to  pass  under  the  bridge  and  over  the  Falls. 

In  July,  1832,  a  Canal  Boat  was  blown  over  fromCI 
and  lodged  in  the  rapids  a  short  distance  abo,'e  the  brii 


ft 


ctcd  ill  1818,  and  'ui 
h  Islniid.     This  bridge] 
jds  above  the  Fails,  ijB 
irriagca,  and  seems  dcs 

>  way  of  descending 
spt  by  means  Qf  a  li 
.  safe  and  ctinvemen 
were  the  bridges,  brj 
Islands  and  land  adj 

Irawn  nto  the  rapids 
;  but  not  a  vestige  oi 
1  found. 
)bath,  in  attempting  tt 
» Chippewa,  were  drai 
act. 

ving  been  given  in 
I  tl^t  had  run-on 
ty  thousand  people 
he  spectacle.     On 
alo,  two  raccoons, 
ipc  in  the  midst  of  i 
safety.     The  others 
fore  she  reached  tiieFj 
the  rapids,  sunk  to 
fie  centre  of  thehors 
^as  sixteen  feet,  and  a 
3r  eighty  rods  before 
ater  as  it  passes  over 
/  feet  deep, 
sel  was  advertised  to 
fifteen  thousand  penpli 
ninincd  a  number  of  w 
0  night. 

joing  near  Chippewa, 
md  was  blown,  with  all  I 
ine  down  on  the  Araerij 

0  a  perfect  wreck  in 

1  over  the  Falls. 
as  blown  over  from  C| 
stance  abo,'e  thebrii 


llvo 


one  ivoman  were  o;i ':    );vl,  and  were  saved  at  most  im- 
jril,  and  the  boat  was  ly  secured  and  drawn  ashore. 

iber,  1829,  Sam  Paleh  jUi.ipcd  twice,  in  the  presence  of 
of  spectators,  from  a  ladder  ninety-seven  feet  into  (he 
If  the  Falls.     This  ladder  was  erected  near  the  foot  of 

Stair  Case.     Poor  Sam  afterwards  lost  his  life  by 
from  thA  Falls  of  Genesee  River  at  Rochester. 
Ilflth,  1S81,  Francis  Abbott,  an  Kngli.shmnn,  who  had 

years  as  a  recluse  on  Goat  Island,  was  drowned 

•  below  the  Falls. 

TILLACE:  OF  nriAOAIlA  PAI^IiS. 

itryin  the  vicinity  of  the  Falls  present  many  power- 
lions  for  a  permanent  residence.  For  salubrity  of  air 
ifuinesl  of  climate,  it  yields  to  no  spot  in  the  United 
nthe  village  of  Niagara  Falls,  on  the  American  side, 
about  80  families,  there  are  two  spacious  Hotels,  the 
the  Cataract,  which  will  accommodate  100  permanent 
|They  contain  114  rooms,  including  72  sleeping  rooms  ; 
are  furnished  with  all  the  comforts  and  luxuries  that 
/  aiTords. 

ilagc  also  contains  a  Presbyterian  and  an  F.piscopal 
B  extensive  Paper  Mill,  a  Flouring  Mill,  two  Saw  Mills, 
Factory  and  a  number  of  other  mechanic's  shops ;  and 
[opportunity  of  using  water  here  for  hydraulic  purposes 
Ifreater  extent  than  at  any  other  place  in  the  United 
Tro  thousand  mills  and  factories  mijiht  be  erected  hero 
safe  from  any  inundation,  and  having  a  never  failing 
'water  at  a  very  moderate  expense.  There  is  also  u 
lo'c-iightful  village  laid  out,  the  lots  of  which  arc  sold  at 
Reprice.  The  proprietors  of  this  village  offer,  to  give 
jmpany  that  will  erect  a  Cotton  Factory  here,  as  much 
fuding  water  privileges,  as  they  will  cover  with  buildings 
rears ;  or  as  much  land  as  may  be  needed  for  the  pu^r- 
bch  an  establishment  of  the  largest  kind. 
page  is  destined  without  doubt,  to  become  one  of  the 
mnufacturing  places  in  America.  Canal  boats  and 
rae  from  the  Erie  canal  and  the  lake  to  the  disHmce  of 
[above  the  Falls ;  and  charters  have  ;ecently  beilgrant- 
^Rail-roads  to  this  place,— one  from  IjOckport,'Bnd  the 
Buffalo ;  when  these  go  into  operation,  the  business  of 
must  be  greatly  increased.  Stage  coaches  now  run 
Palis  m  all  directions,  and  the  mail  passes  regularly  twice 


r  / 


m^^  l^ 


10 

every  day.     A  steamboat  also  runs  Hnilv  f-nm  dJ 

nearly  parallel  w.th  the  lake,  from  6  to  10.  Sis  d" 
1?9  ft. ?["■■?  '"u'^"'  ^^  ^««'  '^gh«r  than  theconti? 

BEST  ROUTE  POtt  TBAVEI.EBS«, 
THEY  ARRIVE  AT  THE  PALm] 

sml^lTl  ""^^  °u  *'"''  American  side,  go  firsfto  Baft 
small  Islands,-then  to  Goat  Island  and  follow  thV 

that  wit'hl^rr  •?"'"'"  '•'^  ^""^  *•»  »•>«  Biddle  Stair  C 
that  withou  fail,  as  you  will  there  have  an  apportu. 

ion  rd'eSV'f^'  ^*'^"t«  ^'"«-  *«^  ^5  «^ 
considerable  distance  under  the  Falls. 

corner'onhr-T''!?  "f  ^'"''"  ^«^«  <'°"°^  «>'«  *«lktal 

Spin  BriSJ^  f  ^'  \^'T  ^°uV  "'"  fi»*J  ♦''^  StonelJ 
A  erapin  Jludgo,  from  both  which  places  you  will  I 

H  re"  ;'3  ro' r'  ''^"^  *''"*  '^""  ''^  ta/en  frllj 
«„*•    I  "•'i^criije  It.     Fursuiiii;  your  wav  with  n 

entucly  round  the  island,  as  you  o!,^ht  w2u7  fail 
much  as  you  will  thu«  got  a  better  view  of  the  il 
rounding  .scenery  than  can  l,c  obtained  any  where  C 

As  you  come  nearly  opposite  the  saw-mill,  vou  mill 

—"c^:  r  TK'' """""""  ^'-'•^'-^  »•«>■«'  bee: ' 

thiuKfT7''!;T''l.'''^**'^«J'^"«'  vou  iillLl 
Sntir  f'  «"*^.'-««''=^«  it«  thousand  attractions.  ] 
Bciilosser,  the  Whirlpool,  the  Devil's  Hole  &c.         \ 

edie  oTibnT  n     'T''  ^'""  '^'"  ^««^°"'J  «•»'«  Stair  CaJ 
edge  ot  the  Falls,  where  you  will  fi„d  many  object*  oftf 


Iretyi 


Ither 


hiand, 


mr^» 


10 

'0  runs  daily  from  fi^ 
l>ov(3  the  Falls ;  and  J 
iats  from  Lake  Ontario 
igers.     Near  Lewistoi^ 
formerly  without  dog 
o» — and  run*  east  to  J 
istancc  of  about  140  n, 
from  6  to  10.  iiia«a  disi 
ighor  than  the  conti^ 
It  is  an  excellent  I 


TB  A  VEIiEBS . 
B  AT  THE  FAL&$,I 

an  side,  go  first  "to  Batlj 
[«Jand  and  follow  the  | 
ide  and  cross  the  bn 

0  the  Biddle  Stair  Cau 
tiere  have  an  apportiiiM 
itween  them,  and  alaot 
!  Falls. 

Case  follow  the  wtlkltj 
will  find  the  Stone  Tou 
ch  places  you  will  hni] 
can  be  taken  from  any « 
grandeur,  sublimity,  inu 
uiiig  your  way  with  aid 
u  ougiit  without  fail  lol 
tter  view  of  the  rapidsf 
btained  any  where  else^ 
finds,  and  thence  back) 

!  the  saw-mill,  you  willl 

1  skeletons  have  been 
)fan  Indian  burying  |.. 
he  Falls,  you  will  .visl 
!rent  paths'in  order  too 
thousand  attractions. 

,  to  visit  the  sight  of 
evil's  Hole,  &c.         L 

I  descend  the  Stair  Casal 

II  find  many  objects  of* 


11 

rety  near  view  of  the  highest  fall  of  water.  No  dan- 
j^prehended  m  crossing  ihe  river;  it  is  attended 
fcaaure  and  the  utmost  safety.  lou  will  then  ascend 
^.la^  road,  and  proceed  near  the  bank  up  to  Table 
towh.chyou  wdl  hnd  Barnett's  Museum,  ^d  a  spiral 

a  Rock  under  the  sheet  of  water.  From  the  ton 
Jyou  have  one  broad  grand  view  of  the  whole  Fulls 
[of  the  scenery  of  the  rapids  and  Islands. 
He  above  13  the  Burning  Spring.  I,,  going  up 
fookto  the  hotels,  you  will  have  a  fine  andfxtcnsivo 
Grounding  country,  and  can  visit  Chippewa,  Lun- 
ock's  monument,  the  Welland  Canal,  &c.  as  you 
re  or  mchnation.  ^ 


»ISTA»f€ES. 

loit  Schlosscr  across  to  Chippewa, 

lo  Pavilion  to  Chippewa, 

■ihe  river  at  the  Falls, 

■  Island  by  the  bridgo, 

Ihe  Falls  on  the  Americna  side, 

lllie  foot  of  Goat  Islam!, 

Ihe  Horse-shoe  falls,  .         .         .   j 

If  water  at  the  Horse-shoe,      - 

le  Eagle  Hotel  across  to  the  Pavilion  on 

Itanada  side,  1|  miles,  viz  : 

le  Eagle  Hotel  to  top  of  bank,         .     . 

fe  bank  down  the  stair-case  to  the  river, 

IIKiver  below  the  Fall;!, 

Tanada  bank,         .         . 

Jetcp  of  the  bank  to  the  Pavilion      -  " 


■e  talis  to  the  Mineral  Sprin<r, 
.  to  the  Whirlpool,         .    "" 
|).  to  the  Devil's  Hole, 
[Canal  at  Tone wanta,     - 
i'lo.         -         .         .         . 
leland,  .         .         .         . 

loitbyland  through  Canada, 
listen,  -         -         .         . 

Icarora  village, 


1^  miles. 
2        •« 

f      " 
/^Srods. 

80  " 
.14  " 
20  feQt 


8     "t 


mmtk 


■Mr    -^HttMtMdteMHHiteii 


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To  Fort  Niagara, 
To  Oswego, 
To  Prescott, 
To  Montreal, 
To  Quebec, 
To  Lockport, 
To  Rochester, 
To  Albany, 
To  New-York, 


r 


» 


C.  FAXO.V,  PHumB,  Bomu 


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■^V' 


-<*  tm^im-^^      I  1   MM^u  ■iJfcjMlJBfc^^f^^gt^-"""^ 


FAZO.V,  PRIKTBK,  BOTTAW 


•*ltel«rtteJ»i*'Sfr-;^ 


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